Science is not a sphere and it is not spent on technology. It is the fuel the Study Table burns, and every study you run costs some of it before it pays anything back.
It is made out of paper, and the single biggest mistake in the whole chain is feeding the Study Table paper directly. The same five sheets are worth eighteen times more once they have been through one more craft.
Five sheets are worth 5, or 90
A loose sheet of 
Clean Paper decomposes for one science. A 
Science Kit I decomposes for thirty, and one craft turns five sheets, a flask and an ink into three of them.
| Clean Paper | 1 | 1 Leather Scroll gives 6 |
| Science Kit I | 30 | 1 Alchemy Flasks I, 5 Clean Paper and 1 Ink gives 3 |
| Science Kit II | 60 | 1 Alchemy Flasks II, 1 Blank Softcover Notebook and 2 Ink gives 3 |
So five sheets fed straight to the table are five science, and the same five sheets turned into kits first are ninety. That is the whole of the advice, and it is the reason people run out of science and think the system is stingy.
Clean Paper is worth one. There is no situation where feeding it directly to the table beats spending six more seconds making it into a kit first.
The only reason to hold loose paper is that other things want it. Prayers, stories and notebooks all take paper, and none of them take a kit.
The whole chain, from one skin
Everything starts with skin and everything happens at the 
Writing Desk. One skin becomes four 
Leather Scroll, and each scroll becomes six Clean Paper, so a single skin is twenty four sheets before any perk is involved.
| Leather Scroll | 1 Skin | 4, or 6 with Paper Maker | 3 | 1 |
| Clean Paper | 1 Leather Scroll | 6, or 10 with Paper Maker | 6 | 1 |
| Science Kit I | 1 Alchemy Flasks I, 5 Clean Paper, 1 Ink | 3 | 6 | 2 |
| Science Kit II | 1 Alchemy Flasks II, 1 Notebook, 2 Ink | 3 | 8 | 4 |
The Paper Maker perk is the multiplier worth taking early, because it lands on both of the first two steps. With it, one skin is six scrolls of ten sheets each, which is sixty sheets rather than twenty four.
Science Kit II is three times the fuel of the first kit for a notebook and a second ink, and both kits give three per craft. Once Book writing is at four there is little reason to keep making the first one.
What to spend the science on
Science buys studies and studies pay spheres, so the question of what to study is the other half of the job. Two hundred and sixty three studies pay blue spheres between them and they are not close to equal.
| Necronomicon | 300 | The largest single study in the game |
| Newspaper III | 75 | The top of the newspaper ladder |
| Master Surgeon’s Kit, Good Alchemist’s kit, Glossary, Golden Talisman | 60 | The third tier of each tool family |
| Music Notes | 50 | Two Clean Paper and one Ink, and repeatable |
| Ink | 30 | One Ash, one Water and one Melted Fat |
| Clean Paper | 0 | Pays nothing at all |
Music Notes are the cheap repeatable one. Two sheets and an ink at the same desk you are already standing at, and the study pays fifty, which is more than the ink alone would have paid and far more than the paper.
The 
Necronomicon is the outlier and worth saving for a moment when three hundred blue closes something out. Nothing else in the game pays a quarter of it.
Two perks that change the arithmetic
Paper Maker raises the yield of the two crafts at the bottom of the chain, which is where the volume is. It is the difference between one skin being twenty four sheets and sixty.
The Sciences perk shortens studies rather than making them pay more. A study that takes six seconds drops by two a rank, so a table you are feeding all day gets through noticeably more of it.
Questions about Science in Graveyard Keeper 2
How do I get science points quickly?
Turn paper into Science Kits before you decompose it. Five sheets of Clean Paper are five science on their own and ninety once they have been through one Science Kit I craft, which takes six seconds.
What is science used for?
It is the fuel the Study Table burns. Every study costs science and pays back spheres, so running out of science is what stops you studying, not a lack of things to study.
How much is a Science Kit worth?
Science Kit I decomposes for 30 and Science Kit II for 60. Loose Clean Paper is worth 1, which is the gap that catches people out.
Where do I make Science Kits?
The Writing Desk. Kit I wants one Alchemy Flasks I, five Clean Paper and one Ink at Book writing 2, and Kit II wants one Alchemy Flasks II, a Blank Softcover Notebook and two Ink at Book writing 4. Both give three per craft.
What is the best thing to study?
The Necronomicon, which pays 300 blue on its own. After that Newspaper III at 75, then the third tier tools at 60 each, and Music Notes at 50 are the cheapest thing worth repeating.
Where does paper come from?
Skin. One skin becomes four Leather Scrolls at the Writing Desk and each scroll becomes six Clean Paper, so a single skin is twenty four sheets, or sixty with the Paper Maker perk.
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